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Bacteriorhodopsin

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2°/3° Structural Features

4° Structural Features
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References:
Kimura, Y.; Vassylyev, D. G.; Miyazawa, A; Kidera, A.; Matsushima, M.; Mitsuoka, K.; Murata, K.; Hirai, T. and Fuliyoshi, Y., Nature, 1997, 389, 206.
Grigorieff, N.; Ceska, T. A.; Downing, K. H.; Baldwin, J. M. and Henderson R., J. Mol. Biol., 1996, 259, 393.
Henderson, R.; Baldwin, J. M.; Ceska, T. A.; Zemlin, F.; Beckmann, E. and Downing, K. H., J. Mol. Biol., 1990, 213, 899.

Seven Transmembrane Helices
Bacteriorhodopsin was the first heptahelical membrane protein to be characterised in detail, resulting from the extensive work of Henderson and Unwin.  More recently, high resolution electron crystallography has been used to help determine the 3D structure of the protein.
The N-terminus, and loops connecting helices II-III, IV-V and VI-VIII are extracellular. The C-terminus and loops connecting helices I-II, III-IV and V-VI are intracellular.